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Copyright 2025 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be\n// found in the LICENSE file.\n\nimport * as i18n from '../../../core/i18n/i18n.js';\nimport * as Platform from '../../../core/platform/platform.js';\nimport * as Handlers from '../handlers/handlers.js';\nimport * as Helpers from '../helpers/helpers.js';\nimport type * as Lantern from '../lantern/lantern.js';\nimport type * as Types from '../types/types.js';\n\nimport {\n InsightCategory,\n InsightKeys,\n type InsightModel,\n type InsightSetContext,\n type MetricSavings,\n type PartialInsightModel,\n} from './types.js';\n\nexport const UIStrings = {\n /**\n * @description Title of an insight that recommends using HTTP/2 over HTTP/1.1 because of the performance benefits. \"HTTP\" should not be translated.\n */\n title: 'Modern HTTP',\n /**\n * @description Description of an insight that recommends recommends using HTTP/2 over HTTP/1.1 because of the performance benefits. \"HTTP\" should not be translated.\n */\n description:\n 'HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 offer many benefits over HTTP/1.1, such as multiplexing. [Learn more about using modern HTTP](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/best-practices/uses-http2/).',\n /**\n * @description Column header for a table where each cell represents a network request.\n */\n request: 'Request',\n /**\n * @description Column header for a table where each cell represents the protocol of a network request.\n */\n protocol: 'Protocol',\n /**\n * @description Text explaining that there were not requests that were slowed down by using HTTP/1.1. \"HTTP/1.1\" should not be translated.\n */\n noOldProtocolRequests:\n 'No requests used HTTP/1.1, or its current use of HTTP/1.1 does not present a significant optimization opportunity. HTTP/1.1 requests are only flagged if six or more static assets originate from the same origin, and they are not served from a local development environment or a third-party source.'\n} as const;\n\nconst str_ = i18n.i18n.registerUIStrings('models/trace/insights/ModernHTTP.ts', UIStrings);\nexport const i18nString = i18n.i18n.getLocalizedString.bind(undefined, str_);\n\nexport type ModernHTTPInsightModel = InsightModel;\n\nexport function isModernHTTP(model: InsightModel): model is ModernHTTPInsightModel {\n return model.insightKey === InsightKeys.MODERN_HTTP;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determines whether a network request is a \"static resource\" that would benefit from H2 multiplexing.\n * XHRs, tracking pixels, etc generally don't benefit as much because they aren't requested en-masse\n * for the same origin at the exact same time.\n */\nfunction isMultiplexableStaticAsset(\n request: Types.Events.SyntheticNetworkRequest, entityMappings: Handlers.Helpers.EntityMappings,\n firstPartyEntity: Handlers.Helpers.Entity|null): boolean {\n if (!Helpers.Network.STATIC_RESOURCE_TYPES.has(request.args.data.resourceType)) {\n return false;\n }\n\n // Resources from third-parties that are less than 100 bytes are usually tracking pixels, not actual resources.\n // They can masquerade as static types though (gifs, documents, etc)\n if (request.args.data.decodedBodyLength < 100) {\n const entity = entityMappings.entityByEvent.get(request);\n if (entity) {\n // Third-party assets are multiplexable in their first-party context.\n if (firstPartyEntity?.name === entity.name) {\n return true;\n }\n // Skip recognizable third-parties' requests.\n if (!entity.isUnrecognized) {\n return false;\n }\n }\n }\n\n return true;\n}\n\n/**\n * Determine the set of resources that aren't HTTP/2 but should be.\n * We're a little conservative about what we surface for a few reasons:\n *\n * - The simulator approximation of HTTP/2 is a little more generous than reality.\n * - There's a bit of debate surrounding HTTP/2 due to its worse performance in environments with high packet loss. [1][2][3]\n * - It's something that you'd have absolutely zero control over with a third-party (can't defer to fix it for example).\n *\n * Therefore, we only surface requests that were...\n *\n * - Served over HTTP/1.1 or earlier\n * - Served over an origin that serves at least 6 static asset requests\n * (if there aren't more requests than browser's max/host, multiplexing isn't as big a deal)\n * - Not served on localhost (h2 is a pain to deal with locally & and CI)\n *\n * [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19086639\n * [2] https://www.twilio.com/blog/2017/10/http2-issues.html\n * [3] https://www.cachefly.com/http-2-is-not-a-magic-bullet/\n */\nexport function determineHttp1Requests(\n requests: Types.Events.SyntheticNetworkRequest[], entityMappings: Handlers.Helpers.EntityMappings,\n firstPartyEntity: Handlers.Helpers.Entity|null): Types.Events.SyntheticNetworkRequest[] {\n const http1Requests: Types.Events.SyntheticNetworkRequest[] = [];\n\n const groupedByOrigin = new Map();\n for (const record of requests) {\n const url = new URL(record.args.data.url);\n if (!isMultiplexableStaticAsset(record, entityMappings, firstPartyEntity)) {\n continue;\n }\n if (Helpers.Network.isSyntheticNetworkRequestLocalhost(record)) {\n continue;\n }\n const originRequests = Platform.MapUtilities.getWithDefault(groupedByOrigin, url.origin, () => []);\n originRequests.push(record);\n }\n\n const seenURLs = new Set();\n\n for (const request of requests) {\n // Skip duplicates.\n if (seenURLs.has(request.args.data.url)) {\n continue;\n }\n\n // Check if record is not served through the service worker, servicer worker uses http/1.1 as a protocol.\n // These can generate false positives (bug: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/lighthouse/issues/7158).\n if (request.args.data.fromServiceWorker) {\n continue;\n }\n\n // Test the protocol to see if it was http/1.1.\n const isOldHttp = /HTTP\\/[01][.\\d]?/i.test(request.args.data.protocol);\n if (!isOldHttp) {\n continue;\n }\n\n const url = new URL(request.args.data.url);\n\n // Check if the origin has enough requests to bother flagging.\n const group = groupedByOrigin.get(url.origin) || [];\n if (group.length < 6) {\n continue;\n }\n\n seenURLs.add(request.args.data.url);\n http1Requests.push(request);\n }\n\n return http1Requests;\n}\n\n/**\n * Computes the estimated effect of all results being converted to http/2 on the provided graph.\n */\nfunction computeWasteWithGraph(\n urlsToChange: Set, graph: Lantern.Graph.Node, simulator: Lantern.Simulation.Simulator): Types.Timing.Milli {\n const simulationBefore = simulator.simulate(graph);\n\n // Update all the protocols to reflect implementing our recommendations\n const originalProtocols = new Map();\n graph.traverse(node => {\n if (node.type !== 'network') {\n return;\n }\n if (!urlsToChange.has(node.request.url)) {\n return;\n }\n\n originalProtocols.set(node.request.requestId, node.request.protocol);\n node.request.protocol = 'h2';\n });\n\n const simulationAfter = simulator.simulate(graph);\n\n // Restore the original protocol after we've done our simulation\n graph.traverse(node => {\n if (node.type !== 'network') {\n return;\n }\n const originalProtocol = originalProtocols.get(node.request.requestId);\n if (originalProtocol === undefined) {\n return;\n }\n node.request.protocol = originalProtocol;\n });\n\n const savings = simulationBefore.timeInMs - simulationAfter.timeInMs;\n\n return Platform.NumberUtilities.floor(savings, 1 / 10) as Types.Timing.Milli;\n}\n\nfunction computeMetricSavings(\n http1Requests: Types.Events.SyntheticNetworkRequest[], context: InsightSetContext): MetricSavings|undefined {\n if (!context.navigation || !context.lantern) {\n return;\n }\n\n const urlsToChange = new Set(http1Requests.map(r => r.args.data.url));\n\n const fcpGraph = context.lantern.metrics.firstContentfulPaint.optimisticGraph;\n const lcpGraph = context.lantern.metrics.largestContentfulPaint.optimisticGraph;\n\n return {\n FCP: computeWasteWithGraph(urlsToChange, fcpGraph, context.lantern.simulator),\n LCP: computeWasteWithGraph(urlsToChange, lcpGraph, context.lantern.simulator),\n };\n}\n\nfunction finalize(partialModel: PartialInsightModel): ModernHTTPInsightModel {\n return {\n insightKey: InsightKeys.MODERN_HTTP,\n strings: UIStrings,\n title: i18nString(UIStrings.title),\n description: i18nString(UIStrings.description),\n category: InsightCategory.LCP,\n state: partialModel.http1Requests.length > 0 ? 'fail' : 'pass',\n ...partialModel,\n relatedEvents: partialModel.http1Requests,\n };\n}\n\nexport function generateInsight(\n parsedTrace: Handlers.Types.ParsedTrace, context: InsightSetContext): ModernHTTPInsightModel {\n const isWithinContext = (event: Types.Events.Event): boolean => Helpers.Timing.eventIsInBounds(event, context.bounds);\n\n const contextRequests = parsedTrace.NetworkRequests.byTime.filter(isWithinContext);\n\n const entityMappings = parsedTrace.NetworkRequests.entityMappings;\n const firstPartyUrl = context.navigation?.args.data?.documentLoaderURL ?? parsedTrace.Meta.mainFrameURL;\n const firstPartyEntity = Handlers.Helpers.getEntityForUrl(firstPartyUrl, entityMappings);\n const http1Requests = determineHttp1Requests(contextRequests, entityMappings, firstPartyEntity ?? null);\n\n return finalize({\n http1Requests,\n metricSavings: computeMetricSavings(http1Requests, context),\n });\n}\n\nexport function createOverlayForRequest(request: Types.Events.SyntheticNetworkRequest): Types.Overlays.EntryOutline {\n return {\n type: 'ENTRY_OUTLINE',\n entry: request,\n outlineReason: 'ERROR',\n };\n}\n\nexport function createOverlays(model: ModernHTTPInsightModel): Types.Overlays.Overlay[] {\n return model.http1Requests.map(req => createOverlayForRequest(req)) ?? [];\n}\n"]}